Mondo Macchina Nr.12 - Anno 2022

peratore vi sono la quota di volo, la velocità d’avanzamento, la tipologia di volo (manuale o automatico), la direzione di volo, l’inclinazione del gimbal, la sovrapposizione frontale e laterale delle immagini, l’apertura e la chiusura dell’obiettivo e la lunghezza focale. Tra le variabili ambientali di maggiore importanza si evidenziano, invece, la velocità del vento e le condizioni di luminosità. L’utilizzo delle piattaforme UAV è normato per legge; dal 31 dicembre 2020 è diventato applicabile il Regolamento di Esecuzione (UE) n. 947/2019 relativo a norme e procedure per l'esercizio degli aeromobili senza equipaggio. L’ENAC (Ente Nazionale Aviazione Civile) in data 4 gennaio 2021 ha pubblicato il Regolamento UAS-IT, applicabile dal 31 dicembre 2020, che disciplina quanto di competenza degli Stati Membri. Secondo i citati TECNICA 84 TECNICA ferent models on the market that can be classified according to the flight mode adopted (Figure 2). They can be divided into two macro-categories, namely fixed-wing and rotary-wing. Fixed-wing UAVs take advantage of aerodynamic thrust and lift force and are mainly used for spraying and photography over a wide range in orographically homogeneous areas. The macro category of rotary-wing UAVs can be divided into the helicopter and multirotor types. The helicopter type is characterized by a large propeller on top of the aircraft; multirotor models are characterized by multiple rotors enabling their movement. Based on the different number of rotors, they are divided into quadricopters, hexacopters, and octocopters. These categories of drones are widely used in Italy because of their versatility of use in fragmented areas with irregular orography. This is due to the vertical landing and takeoff mode and an easy possibility of altitude variation according to the terrain profile. There are numerous flight variables that can affect the final acquisition of the data and the entire processing process. Among those that the operator can modify are flight altitude, forward speed, type of flight (manual or automatic), direction of flight, gimbal tilt, frontal and lateral image overlap, lens opening and closing, and focal length. On the other hand, the most critical environmental variables include wind speed and light conditions. The use of UAV platforms is legally regulated; as of December 31, 2020, the Implementing Regulation (EU) no 947/2019 on standards and procedures for the operation of unmanned aircraft. The Civil Aviation Authority (ENAC), on January 4, 2021, published the UAS-IT Regulations, applicable from December 31, 2020, which regulate the Member States' responsibility. According to the regulations above, a special license is needed in agriculture for the use of such platforms, called A1-A3, which allows the operation Fig. 1 - Drone DJI “Phantom 4” provvisto di camera multispettrale impiegato su vigneto Fig. 1 - DJI "Phantom 4" drone equipped with a multispectral camera used on a vineyard Fig. 2 - Schema di classificazione degli UAV Fig. 2 - UAV classification scheme Ala fissa/Fixed-wing Ala rotante/Rotary wing Multi-rotori/Multi-rotor Quadri-cottero/Quadri-copter Esa-cottero/Hexa-copter Otta-cottero/Octo-copter-copter Elicottero/Helicopter

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