TECNICA challenge, which is also of a general nature, is represented by the integration and interpretation of the data produced by the sensors and devices installed on drones. The large amount of information collected requires the adoption of advanced software platforms, and the acquisition of specific skills for data analysis. By the way, it should not be forgotten that drones are particularly vulnerable to cyber threats and can easily be subject to theft. ... and the benefits. Real-time monitoring of plant health and plant needs makes it possible to optimize the exploitation of precious resources such as water, fertilisers and plant protection products, avoiding waste and harmful dispersion, with additional benefits of a social nature, given that precise irrigation planning and the careful and responsible use of fertilisers and pesticides contribute to environmental sustainability. Of course, the environment is grateful, but in a context where food safety is a growing concern, consumers are also guaranteed better quality products, often at more affordable prices. Finally, we must not forget the important role that the use of drones plays in the field of scientific research in agriculture. Among the many opportunities, the data collected is also valuable for monitoring climate conditions, studying environmental changes and preserving biodiversity, for effective environmental protection and sustainable management of natural resources. Technologies and applications. Current solutions in the use of drones for crop monitoring are mainly based on remote sensing, i.e. the acquisition of multispectral and hyperspectral images using optical sensors. For example, in wooded contexts, phytosanitary monitoring is carried out to identify parasites that cause evident defoliation, such as the Processionary, the Tentredine and the Ifantria, which are easily detectable from above. In addition to data collection, drones in agriculture can also be used to carry out some processes, including those related to phytosanitary treatments. Bearing in mind their operational limitations, however, drones are already profitably used for targeted interventions, such as for example for the fight against the corn borer through the distribution of Bacillus Thuringiensis, with localized administration on identified out46 … e i vantaggi. Il monitoraggio in tempo reale della salute delle piante e delle loro esigenze permette di ottimizzare lo sfruttamento di risorse preziose come l’acqua, i concimi e i prodotti fitosanitari, evitando sprechi e nocive dispersioni, con benefici aggiuntivi di natura sociale, dato che una pianificazione precisa delle irrigazioni e l’uso attento e responsabile di fertilizzanti e pesticidi contribuiscono alla sostenibilità ambientale. Sicuramente l’ambiente ringrazia, ma in un contesto in cui la sicurezza alimentare è una preoccupazione crescente anche ai consumatori sono garantiti prodotti di qualità migliore, spesso a prezzi più accessibili. Non bisogna infine dimenticare il ruolo importante che l’impiego dei droni gioca nell’ambito della ricerca scientifica in agricoltura. Tra le numerose opportunità, i dati raccolti sono preziosi anche per monitorare le condizioni climatiche, TECNICA Per poter pilotare droni con una massa operativa al decollo (ovvero la massa totale del drone, compresi eventuali dispositivi ed accessori solidali ad esso, come ad esempio una telecamera) compresa tra 0,25 e 25 kg, è obbligatorio in Italia essere in possesso del cosiddetto “patentino” (Attestato A1-A3). Unitamente a ciò, è obbligatoria anche la registrazione del pilota e l’immatricolazione del drone sul portale D-Flight, nonché l’apertura di una specifica polizza di assicurazione. Viceversa, i droni che eccedono i 25 kg vengono considerati come aeromobili tradizionali e, pertanto, per la loro condizione è obbligatorio avere l’attestato di Aeromodellista, rilasciato dall’Aeroclub d’Italia. L’abilitazione alla conduzione dei droni In order to be able to fly drones with an operational take-off mass (i.e. the total mass of the drone, including any devices and accessories integral to it, such as a camera) between 0.25 and 25 kg, it is mandatory in Italy to be in possession of the socalled "license" (Certificate A1-A3). Along with this, the registration of the pilot and the registration of the drone on the D-Flight portal is also mandatory, as well as the opening of a specific insurance policy. Conversely, drones that exceed 25 kg are considered as traditional aircraft and, therefore, due to their condition it is mandatory to have the Aeromodeller certificate, issued by the Aeroclub of Italy. Qualification to drive drones Trattamento contro la piralide del mais (in alto) e monitoraggio del cotico erboso di un campo da golf (in basso) svolti da droni Treatment against the corn borer (top) and monitoring of the turf of a golf course (bottom) carried out by drones
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