La “Short Rotation Foresty” Più in dettaglio, per ciò che concerne il cippato, si sono diffusi, soprattutto nel Nord Italia, impianti di durata più breve, volti a massimizzare la produttività sull’unità di superficie. Si tratta della cosiddetta “Short Rotation Foresty” (SFR), ovvero coltivazioni di pioppo con allevamento a ceduo, con turni di taglio massimi di 5 anni, che possono anche essere proficuamente alternati alle usuali coltivazioni agricole. Ecco, di seguito, le turnazioni più praticate con maggior frequenza. Il ceduo a turno brevissimo con raccolta annuale prevede TECNICA 74 TECNICA Short Rotation Forestry Specifically regarding chips, shorter-duration plantations have become increasingly prevalent, especially in Northern Italy, aiming to maximize productivity per unit area. This approach is known as Short Rotation Forestry (SFR), which involves poplar cultivation with short-rotation coppice management, with maximum cutting cycles of 5 years, which can also be profitably alternated with the usual agricultural crops. The following are the most frequently practiced rotations. The Very Short Rotation Coppice with Annual Harvesting, which involves high planting density (approximately 10,000 plants/ha) with a double-row pattern spaced at around 0.7-0.8 meters and an inter-row spacing of 1.8-2 meters. Coppicing is carried out when the trunk diameter reaches a maximum of 6-8 cm, and the harvested material is exclusively used for producing wood chips for energy purposes through combustion. Short-Rotation Coppice: typically involves a biennial cutting cycle with a planting density of approximately 6-7,000 plants/ha. At harvest, plant diameters average 10 cm, therefore with a size that is easy to harvest and process directly. The wood obtained from this rotation is also used for wood chip production. Medium Rotation Coppice: This rotation has cutting intervals of 5 to a maximum of 8 years. The wood obtained from this rotation has a higher value, typically being the so-called "paper mill roundwood." Due to the relatively long time the trees remain in the field, replanting with new clones is often preferred over regenerating through stump sprouting. Harvesting methods In poplar production, various harvesting methods are employed with different levels of mechanization. The typical harvesting site involves the felling of logs immediately depeeled into sections of about 2 m in length, but whole trees are sometimes harvested, possibly after de-limbing. Traditional harvesting features limited mechanization: the chainsaw cuts down and then sets up the plant by de-limbing and depeeling. Una macchina intenta alla raccolta in un pioppeto da industria An harvesting machine in a poplar plantation for industrial purposes Il pioppo è particolarmente diffuso nell’areale italiano, se non addirittura europeo. In Italia crescono diverse specie di pioppo: la più diffusa è il pioppo nero (populus nigra). Questa varietà è caratterizzata da una corteccia scura, un portamento eretto, con chioma stretta e lunga, ed è particolarmente diffuso al Settentrione. Un’altra specie molto presente è il pioppo bianco (populus alba), mediamente un po’ più longevo e resistente del populus nigra. È spesso impiantato nei parchi. Il pioppo tremulo (populus tremula) è invece ampiamente diffuso nelle zone montuose, date anche le sue caratteristiche di “pianta pioniera”, che ben si adatta ai pendii instabili e franosi. Le varietà di pioppo Poplar is particularly widespread in Italy and even in Europe. Several poplar species grow in Italy: the most widespread is the black poplar (Populus nigra). This variety is characterized by dark bark, an upright habit, and a long, narrow crown and is particularly widespread in the North. Another popular species is the white poplar (Populus alba), on average, is slightly more long-lived and hardier than Populus nigra. It is often planted in parks. On the other hand, trembling aspen (Populus tremula) is widely distributed in mountainous areas due to its characteristics as a pioneer plant that adapts well to unstable and landslide-prone slopes. Panoramica delle varietà di pioppo più diffuse in Italia: pioppo nero (a sinistra), pioppo bianco (al centro) e pioppo tremulo (a destra) Overview of the most common poplar varieties in Italy: black poplar (left), white poplar (center), and trembling aspen (right) Poplar varieties
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy NTY4ODI=