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During 2022, the Italian agricultural machinery market should maintain good levels, also due to the presence of incentives and financing. On the industrial front, however, the cost of raw materials and energy is likely to curb production and substantially increase machinery prices

Global growth in the agricultural machinery market is also driving Italian exports, which are up 20.8% in the tractor segment and 19.8% in the operating machinery and equipment segment. 2022 has many unknowns, mainly related to the consequences of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine

The "Milleproroghe" decree shifts from June to December the deadlines for the delivery of mechanical equipment with digital systems, and maintains the same relief percentages in force in 2021 for the current year. The postponement of the deadlines makes it possible to respect the delivery times of the vehicles, overcoming the difficulties that agro-mechanical industries may have in supplying energy and raw materials

Public incentive tools are contributing to the growth of agriculture 4.0 in Italy. Between 2020 and 2021 the turnover of the digital market tripled, rewarding in particular expenditure on machines and equipment connected natively. As investments in 'smart' systems have grown, so has their spread: today 6% of the agricultural surface area is cultivated with smart technologies

The 45th edition of the international exhibition of agricultural machinery was presented in Verona. Very positive feedback in terms of bookings and demand for exhibition areas. Very intense promotional activity abroad and numerous innovations, from informative areas for the Digital sector to field tests of gardening machines. Innovation always in the foreground, with a pre-EIMA day entirely dedicated to the presentation and award ceremony of the Technical Innovation Contest

Estimates from the Italian manufacturers' association indicate turnover increases of more than 20% for 70% of manufacturers in 2021. Positive indicators also for the first half of 2022, and good future prospects due to electronic technologies, which are becoming increasingly important in the sector and are pushing agricultural mechanics towards the digital transition

Data provided by the manufacturers' associations indicate sales increases in all the main areas of the world. Tractors grew in Europe by an average of 16.6%, with peaks in Italy (+36%) and Poland (+43%). The market is still dynamic in the current year, but with the uncertainties linked to the strong increase in the costs of raw materials and fuels

EIMA 2021 was the setting for the Club of Bologna session dedicated to the analysis of the factors that can influence the global agricultural machinery market. The elements that were analysed included the emergence of the Coronavirus, the impact of mechanisation on employment in agriculture in the various areas of the world, and the trend of strategic segments such as components

At the end of the year, registration figures show very significant increases for tractors (+36%) and other types of vehicles. The effects of incentives for 4.0 machinery, which will remain in force in the new year, are positive. Further support may come from EU funds, through the Rural Development Plans (RDP) and the Next Generation EU (Recovery Plan)

From 1st January this year, the new customs procedures following Brexit come into effect. Instead of the previous legislation, which allowed those exporting to the UK to prepare the customs declaration within six months of crossing the border, the new provision requires EU companies to deliver the complete documentation already at the time of the introduction of the goods into UK territory

Europe ended the first half of the year with 25% growth compared to the same period in 2020. All European countries are in the black. The raw material crisis is weighing on the market, but demand remains high

The new document that will guide the sector for the period 2023-2027 has been definitively approved. Measures for income support and interventions for environmental and social sustainability are the key features of the strategic document and enhance the European agricultural model

Tractor sales figures indicate record increases in all major countries. The general economic recovery encourages investments," says FederUnacoma President Alessandro Malavolti, "but what is crucial is the good performance of agricultural production and, above all, the growth prospects of the primary sector, which within the next nine years is going to grow by 18% for plant production and 13% for livestock products

The strong growth in production risks being held back by shortages of raw materials, as well as rising logistics costs. Due to the Chinese supply blockade, the cost of ferrous materials and silicon for the electronics industry has risen beyond all expectations. Current stocks can cover orders until the middle of next year, but uncertainties and concerns remain for the rest of the year

In the first nine months of the year, tractor registrations grew by 43.8%, and strong increases were recorded for all other types of machinery. The excellent performance of the domestic market combined with the growth of exports - says Alessandro Malavolti, president of the manufacturers - will lead to an overall turnover of the Italian industry of no less than 14 billion Euros by the end of the year

Italian exports - outline Manlio Di Stefano, Undersecretary of State at Ministry of Foreign Affairs - returned to growth in the first six months of the year. At the base of this surge, which has involved also the agro-mechanical sector is not only the ability of Italian companies to propose highly innovative solutions but also the new strategy for promoting Italian products, with a stronger role for the Farnesina. Asean and Asia are the most interesting markets for our companies

The data on sales of machinery and equipment for gardening and landscaping aannounced at EIMA. Italian market at + 24.3% in nine months 2021, and exports for lawn mowers and chainsaws also up (+23% in July). Turnover 2021 of Italian industries expected at +15% for a value of almost one billion euros. The president of Comagarden, Renato Cifarelli, highlights the problem of raw materials, and the rising costs for Italian companies

The new text of the Highway Code has been published in the Official Journal. It incorporates the requests of the Manufacturers' Federation and also allows amateur farmers to register agricultural machinery and professional operators to use convoys of up to 18.75 metres

The Bologna exhibition opens an important window on the components industry, an increasingly dynamic and strategic sector in the field of mechanics for agriculture and landscaping. 657 manufacturers will be in Bologna, 178 of them foreign

Between January and August, sales grew in all the main markets. In Italy, tractor registrations were up 45% compared to 2020, driven by the digitalisation of the primary market. Raw material trends weigh on future trends

The new CAP will be put to the vote in November, with environmental and social sustainability as qualifying points. In the "Farm to Fork" perspective, Italy and Europe can become leaders of a highly qualitative agri-food system

Making agriculture more sustainable and resilient to climate change, combining tradition and innovation; but also protecting natural resources, promoting inclusive growth and aggregation models to strengthen small farmers. These are the key points that emerged from the Italian-led G20 Agriculture...

The policy document drawn up by the manufacturers was presented at the FederUnacoma "Forum". Mechanization is fundamental for the Next Generation objectives, but more funds and greater chain coordination are needed. Alessandro Malavolti listed nine key points to relaunch the sector

Registration figures released by FederUnacoma show, for the first six months of the year, increases of 52% for tractors and significant growth for all other types of vehicles. A positive phase also on foreign markets, with strong increases in the United States, India and Turkey. World trade is expected to grow by 7.3% over the next four years

The Italian agricultural machinery industry closed 2020 with a production value of 11.5 billion euros, slightly higher than the previous year (+0.4%). The favourable trend of the agricultural economy at the global level keeps production levels high for a mechanical engineering sector that derives 70% of its turnover from exports

The General Meeting of FederUnacoma’s member industries approved, by a very large majority, an exception to the Articles of Association that extends by two years the mandates of the Federation's president and the presidents of the individual sector associations, which...

ISMEA has launched an open-door measure aimed at providing incentives, with interest-free loans and non-repayable financing, for the takeover and expansion of youth-run businesses. Eligible expenditure also includes machinery

In the framework of its assembly, the Manufacturers' Federation organizes a Forum dedicated to the implementation of the National Recovery Plan. Experts and technicians are working to draw up a map of the mechanization needs. Mechanical and electronic technologies as a critical element for agriculture "transition". Mechanization as a structural element of any environmental and territorial policy

The Confederazione Nazionale dei Coltivatori Diretti carried out a survey among a significant sample of farms and stakeholders to analyse the sector's propensity for innovation. Positive elements emerged, although there is still a lack of knowledge of the available tools

The Authorized Economic Operator is a certification that attests to the reliability of the company operating in foreign markets. Quality requirements and compliance with Customs, legal and financial regulations facilitate procedures and give the company a competitive advantage over competitors who do not have the same certificate

The Covid-19 caused the biggest economic crisis the world has seen in the last 100 years. The global economy suffered a severe blow and in Italy in particular, small and medium-sized industrial enterprises

The share of tractors specifically designed for orchards and vineyards in the total number of registered tractors is growing, accounting for almost 40% of the market and recording a 63% increase in the first quarter of the year. The RIVE international exhibition in Pordenone - organised in partnership with FederUnacoma - is a point of reference for the most advanced technologies for the viticulture and winemaking industry

In a 2020 marked by the health emergency, tractor sales grew in all the main markets. India saw a new historical record (more than 800,000 units sold), while in China, medium and high-powered tractors are at the top. The USA is growing, Europe is struggling

Investing in technology and innovation is the only possible way to produce enough quality food while respecting the environment. This goal requires political commitment and a strong CAP. These are the conclusions of the annual Cema summit dedicated to the near future of the EU primary sector

Registrations of tractors and other types of machinery recorded significant increases in the January-March period, which not only made up for the deficit of the first quarter of 2020, but also pushed sales to record levels. Public support was decisive, with tax incentives for 4.0 and the Sabatini Law. Sales of higher-powered tractors soared

Demand for agricultural technology is growing, but supplies of raw materials are scarce. Ferrous materials and plastics are hard to come by and showed record increases in March, to the detriment of agricultural machinery, which uses large quantities of these materials. In the manufacture of a tractor, the ferrous component accounts for 75% of the total

The organisation of the 44th EIMA, scheduled to take place at BolognaFiere from 19 to 23 November, proceeds with the definition of a timetable for the participation of companies. Meanwhile the dates have already been set for the 2022 edition, which will resume its traditional place in even-numbered years: 9/13 November

The Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) signed between the EU and the UK last December provides for the elimination of duties and customs quotas in trade between the two blocs. But this only applies to goods with 'preferential origin' in the EU or the UK

The sharp surge in sales in the last two months of the year made it possible to partially offset the collapse recorded between March and May due to the first pandemic wave and the lockdown. Final balance in the red, but with less negative percentages than the period

Data on the state of progress of expenditure related to the Rural Development Programmes show an adequate level of use as of last December 31. Except for Apulia, all the Regions have hit the target, avoiding the decommitment of funds allocated by the European Union

The portal has been active since 25 January, enabling the self-certification of the preferential origin of goods. The site makes it possible to issue a “proof of origin” to be affixed to the commercial or transport documents accompanying the goods. This procedure, which follows Brexit, will significantly streamline customs procedures between Great Britain and the European Union

Keen on innovation, competent and linked: this is the profile of young Italian agricultural entrepreneurs outlined by a survey conducted by Edagricole and Nomisma in collaboration with Bayer, presented online on 4 February during the event "Towards a younger and...

First edition for the Assomao Directory, the association of implements manufacturers set up in 2012 as part of the product category structure of the Italian Federation of Agricultural Machinery Manufacturers (FederUnacoma). There are over 150 associated companies that express an...

On January 5, 2021, the requirement to notify the SCIP database of items containing hazardous substances that have been placed on the market came into force. There is still little knowledge about how the database works. The manufacturers of agricultural and gardening equipment are experiencing difficulties obtaining information on hazardous substances in the supply chain. For this reason, FederUnacoma has promoted a series of initiatives to help deal with and understand these new obligations

Sales figures in the US, India, Germany and other countries indicate a sharp recovery after the crisis of last spring, but the new health emergency risks halting the sector. Registrations are recovering also in Italy, but production risks having a setback if the logistical and transport difficulties were to slow down exports

Despite having the characteristics of an anti-cyclical sector, the Italian components sector was also affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. According to Comacomp estimates, in 2020, production's value should fall by 4.6% in 2019. The losses are mainly concentrated in the first half of the year, while signs of recovery can be seen in the third quarter

The public project Agridigit (2021) for Italian agriculture's technological innovation is about to be concluded. Agrodigit is divided into six sub-projects from Agrofiliere to Viticoltura that pursue specific objectives

Compared to other production sectors the primary sector is the one that has shown greater resilience. Global production of grains and milk increased, as did the prices of the main agricultural commodities. Agriculture and mechanization are strategic in sustaining the population, but the pandemic has held back the agricultural machinery market, where a recovery is expected in the coming months

Positive balance for the month in all the main machine categories. Double-digit increases for tractors, which posted a generous +20.7%. Despite the recovery in September, the balance of the first nine months of the year is still in deficit, given the heavy losses caused by the lockdown last spring. A further recovery in sales volumes is possible at the end of the year

The agreement in support of the export and development of SMEs in the sector has been renewed. The agreement provides for the organization of webinars on internationalization, participation in B2B meetings, and the presence of SACE at industry exhibitions organized by FederUnacoma

The institutional advert entitled "Agricultural machines, useful and ingenious", narrated by Luca Ward, was broadcast on the national networks Rai, Mediaset, La7 and Sky. Created by FederUnacoma, the Italian association of agricultural machinery manufacturers, the advert tells the general public about the strategic role of agricultural machinery. This is one of the Italian excellences, with a turnover of over 11 billion and about 100,000 employees

The board members of the five industry associations that make up FederUnacoma, the Federation of agricultural machinery manufacturers, have been renewed. The members of the General Board have also been elected. Appointed on alternate years from the chairman and deputy chairman, the directors will remain in office for two years, renewable with a mandate that may be renewed

Invitalia’s Smart&Start Program, promoted by Mise, has implemented new support for innovation in the field of the digital economy, artificial intelligence, the blockchain, and the Internet of Things

The first half of 2020 meets the forecasts and confirms the sharp stop of the Italian market. Major falls across all the main types of machinery; the downturn occurred mainly between March and May. Recovery is possible for the second half of the year, but the macroeconomic framework’s uncertainty weighs on the picture. EIMA Digital Preview, the first sector exhibition after Covid-19, will bridge the great kermesse in February

The window for the online submission of applications for the new ISI Agricoltura 2019/2020, which starts with a budget of €65 million, opened on 15 July.  The new initiative, launched by Inail to replace the previous Isi call for tenders...

The European Investment Bank (EIB) is jointly controlled by EU countries. Its purpose is to increase the European potential in terms of jobs and growth and to support initiatives to mitigate climate change and promote EU policies outside its borders....

For low and high powers, the assembling and marketing of machinery with transition motors is postponed to 2021. The trade associations’ request for a postponement also for the medium powers, was only partially accepted

All major European countries are reporting a significant decrease in tractor sales in April as a result of the coronavirus. Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom are heavily down; Germany holds. The prespectives of the coming months in a context marked by uncertainty

The sales figures for the first part of the year show a collapse in March, characterized by the slowdown in activities and then by the stoppage of production sites. Even with a reopening of the industrial plants, the second half of the year will remain conditioned by the reduction in the volumes produced and by the lower investment capacity of farms

Healthy food, reduction climate-changing emissions and pesticides: Italian agriculture is ready to take up the challenge of the European Green Deal, but economic and environmental sustainability must go together. This according to a report from Fieragricola - Nomisma Observatory presented on the eve of the Verona fair

The new path announced by the European Commission to reduce the environmental impact of economic activities risks penalizing agriculture, which already fears the reduction of funds destined for the CAP. Modern agricultural machinery is a safeguard for the environment - says the President of FederUnacoma Malavolti - but it also requires scholastic and professional skills to be able to use it effectively

Positive closing balance for the tractor market, which concludes 2019 with an increase of 5% over 2018. The medium-low power ranges, which account for 52% of the more than 191 thousand vehicles sold last year, are growing. The coming months are overshadowed by a great uncertainty: the unknowns linked to the developments of the Covid-19 pandemic

The national tractor market in 2019 stalled at 18,579 units, while sales of used machines soared to 39,800. Brand new vehicles grew by 0.7% in the year compared to a 5.3% increase for second-hand ones. The drop in agricultural incomes (which fell by 2.6% in 2019) reduces the investment capacity of businesses, fuelling a fallback market that worsens the quality and environmental impact of agricultural processes

To deal with the environmental, economic and social crisis, the European Commission has launched the Green Deal, an ambitious programme for sustainable development. Despite the first steps towards the circular economy, the industrial sector in Europe continues to depend excessively on non-renewable raw materials and to emit 20% of greenhouse gases. The transition towards a consistent decarbonisation of the economy requires concrete measures and adequate tools; the Enabling project, coordinated by FederUnacoma and Itabia, is an interesting pilot run

In the third quarter of 2019, sales of tractors decrease in India, which confirms its place as the most important market worldwide, and especially in Turkey. They are increasing in Europe, the US and Russia. Negative forecasts for the agricultural machinery sector, which in the first six months of 2020 is expected to go through a generalized downward phase

Registrations stood at 18,579 in 2019, in line with the average figure for recent years. As regards the other types of machines, combine harvesters, tractors with loading platforms and trailers are decreasing, while telescopic handlers are growing

The requests for participation in the next edition of the great Bologna event are proceeding at a record pace. Among the innovations announced is an international event dedicated to Technical Innovations and a competition that rewards the quality of the exhibits

The next edition of EnoliExpo, the biennial exhibition dedicated to wine and olive oil production chains, was presented to Agrilevante and will be held in Bari from 19 to 21 March 2020, organized in partnership with FederUnacoma. The synergy with the association of manufacturers will highlight the importance of machinery and mechanical technologies for olive and wine production, products of excellence of our country and of the Puglia region

The 2019 AEF Plugfest was held in Antibes, France, an event for specialists in applied electronics for agriculture, created to allow companies to check the operation of their ISOBUS components with those of other manufacturers. Identifying and solving technical problems and providing customers with reliable and effective products is the aim of this event that has become strategic for the entire 4.0 world in agriculture

The performance of the world market - measured by the Agrievolution statistics - saw the growth in the first half of 2019 in American and European registrations, while India and Turkey are in decline. The forecast focuses on the Mediterranean area, showing good potential in Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Egypt

At the beginning of October, the seventh Agrievolution world summit took place in Madrid and hosted 120 delegates coming from 15 countries. The focus was on new eating styles and the growth of specialized crops. The world demand of fruit and vegetable products is constantly increasing and this has consequences on the destination of agricultural land as well as on the market of machinery for specialized crops

The Agrievolution Meeting held in Madrid focused, among the others, on the topics of disseminating technical information and of the education of farmers and technical staff. Several projects are being undertaken by important manufacturers, while FAO underlines that the development of agriculture itself requires investing on education

Eima International, the great exhibition of agricultural mechanics that will take place in Bologna from 11 to 15 November 2020, starts its race in an exciting way. The registrations on the online platform officially open at 11:00 on Monday 23...

Data on sales in the main countries indicate consistent growth in the United States and India, while China and Turkey are in decline. Europe closes 2018 with a 10% drop in registrations, but is confirmed as the main exporter of agricultural machinery with a share of over 60% of the total world exports for a value of 36 billion euros

The seventh public event dedicated to the scenarios of agricultural machinery at a global level, promoted by Agrievolution, focuses on the major issues related to the primary sector: technologies for agriculture, training, and "pink" companies. Forecasts are expected on the sector's performance, with scheduled field trials to promote the most innovative technologies

During the assembly of the associated industries, the votes were held to elect the president of the Federation and the presidents and vice-presidents of the five associations that comprise it. Among the priorities specified for the next two years, a greater presence in political workgroups and the further development of trade fair activities. The relaunching of the "made in Italy" guiding theme of the public part, which saw the participation of the MEP Paolo De Castro, of the chief economist of Confindustria Andrea Montanino, of the general director of Ice Roberto Luongo, and of the managing director of GRS Ricerche Enrico Gallorini

The decline in exports for tractors leads to a decline in "made in Italy" production, while it grows with regard to other types of machines, including incomplete tractors and parts of tractors. Turnover is at 7.9 billion euros (+1.5%), to which we must add an amount for components estimated at 2.7 billion and for gardening estimated at 800 million, for a total of about 11.4 billion euros. The Italian market accounts for 18,442 tractors, less than half of the sales of used vehicles

A comparative survey was presented during the annual FederUnacoma assembly on the performances of the major agricultural machinery exhibitions at the international level. In comparison with the SIMA in Paris, the Bologna exhibition shows better indices on all the parameters considered. The segment of the so-called "apostles" (86.2%) is remarkably high as far as EIMA is concerned, that is to say those operators who are so convinced of the validity of the event that they are active supporters participating in the construction of the event's good reputation

Sixth rendezvous for the exhibition dedicated to agricultural machinery and equipment for the Indian sub-continent, organized by FederUnacoma and Ficci, and scheduled in New Delhi in the first week of December. Growing numbers of exhibitors and visitors. A project will be presented during the event, promoted among others by the Emilia-Romagna Region, which also includes field trials of orchard machinery

For 2018, the International Monetary Fund estimates a decline in the economy at the global level, with an index that should stop at 3.6% compared to 3.8% in the previous year. It is holding back the world market for tractors, which is affected by the tensions on the international markets and by China's negative growth

Positive trend in 2018 of the market for the "implements". Soil processing machines, fertilizer spreaders, and seeders recorded a strong growth compared to the previous year, while the sales of precision seeders and equipment for crop protection had a slight decrease. 2019 should also remain at these levels

The review of machines and technologies for Mediterranean agriculture, which is held in Bari from October 10 to 13, is expanded by a pavilion dedicated to animal husbandry, with an exhibition of animals and breeding technologies. The part relating to the plants for the management of agricultural and forestry biomass for energy use has been confirmed, together with all the traditional sectors of specialization

The agreement between the Pordenone exhibition agency and the agricultural machinery manufacturers' federation was presented in Rome for three biennial editions starting from January 2021. The agreement strengthens the exhibition dedicated to the wine production sector, making Pordenone a centre of excellence for the sector at a national and international level

The text of a decree-law defining a new timing for the inspection of tractors and other types of machines bearing a registration plate has been published on the Ministry of Transport website. The dead line for inspections of the first group of vehicles registered before 1983 is postponed for two years but the implementation of the decree-law indicating the relevant control procedures is still not effective

The vast region that includes southern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and other neighbouring areas is one of the most important hubs in the geography of the markets. There are good prospects for development for agricultural mechanization, in relation to projects to strengthen the primary sector that are active in countries such as Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt. Great potential but negative economic trends characterize countries like Turkey and Iran

The 2019 edition of the showcase of technologies and machines for agriculture, to be held in the Bari exhibition centre from 10 to 13 October next, was presented in Bari. Growing numbers and a new section dedicated to animal husbandry, with the exhibition of fine breeds of cattle, horses, sheep and goats, characterize the review, organized by FederUnacoma and Nuova Fiera del Levante with the support of the Puglia Region Agriculture Department. Agrilevante confirms itself as a point of point reference for operators in the entire Mediterranean area, but also in Sub-Saharan Africa and some Asian regions

The registration numbers for 2018, if compared with those of 2014, 2015 and 2016, show a recovery in the Region in terms of investments for the purchase of tractors. Sales remain high for used machines, which do not improve the efficiency of the agricultural system and which contribute to expanding an already very old equipment fleet

Sales of tractors on the European continent decreased by 10%, with particularly marked declines in France, Germany and Italy. In the global landscape, the positive trend of the US is confirmed, with sales in Brazil and Russia recovering. The market in Turkey is in crisis due to the unfavourable economic situation and the currency's devaluation

After the effect of the Mother Regulation, which triggered a race for registrations in 2017, pushing the market beyond its actual capacity, tractors sales in Italy are back to 2016 levels. Registrations have also declined, as far as other types of machines are concerned, and for the new year, the effects of the general negative economic trend are feared. In order to support the sector, the provision of the EU RDP funds continues, together with the € 35 million re-allocated by INAIL for the purchase of agricultural machinery with high safety standards

Data on the sales of tractors covering the first nine months of the year pursued a positive trend in the United States and India and showed substantial downturns China and Europe. The decline in cereal grains and commodity prices of agricultural food crops weighed in on agricultural enterprises incomes while policy factors, especially custom duties, put the breaks on trade and thus on all the economies across the sector

The data on registrations in the first ten months indicate a decrease for tractors, for tractors with loading platforms and for combine harvesters. Tractor sales should reach a total of around 19 thousand units at the end of December, in line with the average of the last few years. Instead, the sales of used machines are growing, much more significant in numerical terms compared to new ones

The German Marcus Baldinger, manager of Poettinger, was confirmed as chairman of the Cema Technical Board, the association that brings together European manufacturers of agricultural machinery. The nomination of Baldinger, now in his second term, was voted by the Technical...

The event promoted by the body representing companies and associations operating in the digital systems sector for agriculture was held in Bologna. The programme of technical meetings was very busy, as were the celebrations of the AEF ten-year anniversary, which offered an opportunity to draw some conclusions about the work done until now and for a look to the future, which is shaping up to be very stimulating and demanding

Following what has now become a tradition, the Comacomp Inventory is presented at EIMA International. This book is both a promotional and informative tool providing a comprehensive overview of the components sector

The trend of sales in the first nine months of the year shows substantial gains in India, the United States and Canada whereas downturns are reported for Japan, Brazil and Turkey. The European market is down in France, Germany and Spain

Registration data on the first nine months of the year is in the red for new tractors, transporters and trailers. The sales of tractors came to 14,353 but should reach a total of some 19,000 units by the end of December, in line with the averages in recent years. The trends in the single regions differed, from down in the Veneto, Piedmont and Lazio Regions and on the up side in the Emilia Romagna, Lombardy and Campania